![]() The Neuman Systems Model can guide to strengthen the management of stressors in the workplace for the nurses. The invasion of the core by a stressful situation could result in severe health impacts like death, severe depression, spiritual consequences abandonment, or delays in development. The core serves as the fundamental structure of all species. When this happens, resistance lines are triggered, which attempt to stabilize the client and help the return to wellness, a process called "reconstitution." If reconstitution is not met, and the environmental stressor pierces the resistance lines, the customer's core becomes at risk of penetration, which poses a highly dangerous threat to the client. There are times when the normal defense line for a client is penetrated by an environmental stressor, leading to an adverse reaction, and symptoms of disease appearance. When the flexible line of defense extends away from the normal line of defense, greater protection is provided as it comes closer, there is less protection. Examples include social support, tenacity, spiritual well-being, age, and specific physiological measures. The flexible line of defense is described as a dynamic "protective buffer" for the normal state of the client, which prevents stressors from invading the normal line of defense. ![]() The standard line of defense works as a protector for client wellness and is the product of how the client has adapted to surrounding stressors. Strategies to cope with and gain expertise in stress management techniques have also been demonstrated to improve and enhance resilience in nurses. Protective factors are intrinsic characteristics that serve to protect the person against adverse events and can be either physiological (homeostatic processes that help the body react to stresses) or psychological (more conceptual processes involving relationships, intuition, self-reliance, problem-solving and aid-seeking skills). Various factors were identified as crucial to resilience development. The effect of the stressor can be affected by the number of stressors the client system faces at a particular time, the intensity of the stressors, and the stability or well-being state of the system. To penetrate the lines of resistance leaves the fundamental structure at risk and poses a potentially lethal threat to the client system. When an environmental stressor breaks through the normal protection line and causes an adverse reaction, the resistance lines are triggered to protect the basic structure that is at the center or core of the client system. The lines of resistance are within the normal line of defense. The client system develops a series of defenses that are used as protection to interact with the environment called "defense lines." The normal line of defense can be interpreted as the client's usual level of wellness.īeyond this line of defense is the flexible line of defense, which prevents client system stressor invasions, keeps the system free from stressor reactions or symptoms. ![]() A person, a family, a community, or a social problem is considered to be "a composite of variables (physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental and spiritual) composed of a core or essential survival factor structure and surrounding concentric defensive rings. ![]() Within the model of Neuman systems, the individual is viewed as a client or client system composed of innate features embedded within a specific structure. It can also help nurses understand and relate more easily to the broader concepts of nursing skills to practical day-to-day nursing experience. The Neuman system model diagram breaks down into the four concepts of the meta-paradigm of nursing (environment, person, nursing, health).
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